Formalised around 1918, growing out of the Surau Jembatan Besi study circle associated with Haji Abdul Karim Amrullah (Haji Rasul). It was a key institution of the Kaum Muda reform movement in Minangkabau.
Sumatera Thawalib Padang Panjang
Padang Panjang, West Sumatra